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113Hercules captain operating out of Ascension Island. In ourcorrespondence, he has had some rather scathing things to say about theinadequacy of the RWR equipment that was hastily provided and madesome observations on the issue of drugs to aircrew. What did we learnfrom the use of Temazepam? Were there, for instance, any after effects?And does the panel have any comment on the fitting of appropriate radarwarning receivers to aeroplanes that would normally operate in a passiverole in wartime.Sir Peter Squire. The issue of sleep management, in an era in which waris continued for 24 hours of the day, is extremely important, because youhave got to get it right. You cannot have people flying continuously, dayafter day or night after night, without imposing some degree of sleepmanagement and I think that the use of Temazepam in 1982 may havebeen one of the first forays into that particular aspect of managing theconduct of war. My understanding is that it went pretty well. I did notuse it personally; we didn%u2019t need to in our particular role, but for thetransport and tanker crews I think it was absolutely essential.If you are going to employ drugs, however, it has to be under aproperly structured programme; you cannot simply hand out pills forpeople to take whenever they feel like it. This does not necessarily meanclose personal medical supervision, although medical advice is essentialto both the implementation and the monitoring of the programme. SirRichard may have something to say about the supervision of sleeppatterns in the bunker at High Wycombe during the Gulf War but, undersome circumstances, the case for the use of drugs is quite clear. Take, forexample, the B-2s which operate out of the continental United States intoa combat zone, like Afghanistan or Iraq, flying sorties in excess of 40hour%u2019s duration with a crew of two. Now they have simply got to have asleep management programme. I don%u2019t know exactly how they go aboutit, but they cannot possibly stay awake for the 48 hours required to do around trip. Like it or not, if we are going to have to fight a 24 hour-a-daywar, and we are, sleep management is going to be inevitable.Sir Richard Johns. CAS is absolutely right about the need for astructured and controlled approach to the use of approved drugs. I thinkthat the use of Temazepam during the Falklands War was pretty much a%u2018first try%u2019 but, based on this experience, the IAM subsequently did a greatdeal of research into this topic so that we knew a great deal more about it